How Soapy Smith conned his way to be Grand Marshal of the July 4, 1898 parade, Skagway, Alaska

Soapy Smith in July 4th parade
Skagway, Alaska 1898
Broadway and Fourth Ave.
Note Soapy is on the left of center, behind Joe Brooks.
Behind him is Brooks' Pack Train
Where is the Skaguay Military Company?
Where is the Fitzhugh Lee wagon?
Courtesy of
Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park

(Click image to enlarge)

ow Soapy Smith conned his way to be Grand Marshal of the 4th of July

With the approach of the July Fourth 1898 holiday, Skagway, Alaska was filled with great excitement. The Commercial Club, consisting of business owners, took early control of planning the celebration and appointed a committee to arrange “for the proper observance and celebration of the glorious Fourth.” Skagway would have a parade, of course, and the committee decided it would consist of three divisions and three marshals, with Commercial Club President C. W. Everest as grand marshal. The commonly held historical belief is that Jefferson R. Smith, alias "Soapy" led the July 4, 1898 parade in Skagway, but according to pre-July 4 records and newspapers, Soapy was designated marshal of the 4th division, the position at the very end of the parade. The committee had planned the parade, but Soapy was planning to make it memorable.

Line-up for July 4 parade?
Is that Soapy?
Third Ave and State
Courtesy of
Darcie Culbeck
and
Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park

 
(Click image to enlarge)

     Soapy was a very patriot man. In nearly all of the photographs of his numerous saloons and gaming houses in Colorado and Alaska between 1887-1898, there are American flags flying and red, white, and blue bunting draped across the façades. Surely, he reasoned, given his great success with the May 1 parade, no one knew better how to lead a celebration and stir a crowd’s emotions than he. Being dead last no doubt sat ill with Smith, captain of the Skaguay Military Company. There is no official  record of Soapy's complaint about his positioning in the parade. The committee had planned the parade, but Soapy would make sure no one would remember it. He had a plan, and he likely did not bother trying to change the committee’s minds about putting him at the end of the parade. In fact, adding another division at the very end of the parade may have been Soapy’s idea!

Is that Soapy Smith?
Close up from above photograph
Courtesy of
Darcie Culbeck
and
Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park

 
(Click image to enlarge)

     In the earliest plans for the parade, Soapy’s name does not even appear. On July 1 his name is added as marshal of an added fourth division. The Skagway News published the program.

[1] Grand Marshal, C.W. Everest and aids J.F. Burkhard and A.P. Tony
[2] Band
[3] Marshal First Division—S.L. Lovell and aids
[4] Veterans
[5] Children’s’ Float with Goddess of Liberty
[6] News boys
[7] Chilkat Indians
[8] Grotesque characters
[9] Bicyclists
[10] Marshal Second Division—C.N. Hanson and aids J.G. Price and Sam Roberts
[11] Knights of Pythias
[12] Ladies Cavalcade
[13] City Brewing Float
[14] Gentleman’s Cavalcade
[15] Skaguay Brewing Float
[16] Floats and displays of Skaguay business and industries
[17] Marshal Third Division—F.W. Whiting and aids Messrs. Heney and Wilson
[18] Railroad employees
[19] Mechanic’s Floats
[20] Marshal Fourth Division—Jeff R. Smith and aids Wm. Tener and J. H. Brooks
[21] Skaguay Guards and “Fitizhugh Lee”
[22] Man of War Float
[23] Brooks' Pack Train.

Soapy before or just after the parade
The round badge dates this photograph
Jeff Smith's Parlor is seen at the far left
The Hotel Mondamin where Soapy lived is at the far right
Courtesy of
Royal British Columbia Archives

 
(Click image to enlarge)

The parade will form on Broadway at 1:30 p.m., and after parading the prin- [unreadable line] … front of the city hall where speeches will be delivered by the orators of the day, Messrs. R. W. Jennings, Walter Church, Judge Sehlbrede and Dr. Campbell.

Courtesy of
Royal British Columbia Archives

(Click image to enlarge)

      After the speaking, the athletic sports will take place on and contiguous to the Seattle and Skaguay dock, as follows:

1. 100 yard Foot Race, open to all.
2. 50 yard Sack Race, open to all.
3. 100 yard Fat Men’s race—contestants must weigh 200 pounds or over.
4. 75 yard Ladies’ Race, open to all.
5. Bicycle Race.
6. Tug of War—8 men.
7. Climbing Greased Pole, open to all.
8. Horse Race, ¼ mile, at low tide.
9. Indian Canoe Race, at low tide.

Prizes were donated by local businesses, including clothing, accessories, cigars, stationary, and a keg of beer. Frank Clancy, a partner of Soapy’s, donated a bottle of wine.

     Monday July 4, 1898 was the most festive day seen in Skagway up to that time. First thing in the morning the city was shaken by thundering echoes as shotguns were fired and dynamite placed under anvils was detonated. Red, white, and blue bunting brightened city buildings. American flags and patriotic banners fluttered everywhere in town. According to some accounts, Jeff and his associates handed out candy, peanuts, and firecrackers to the children.

Fitzhugh Lee float
Before the parade, in front of Jeff Smith's Parlor
Note the flag carrier, believed to be in
front of the Skaguay Military Company
Courtesy of
Royal British Columbia Archives
James A. Sinclair Collection

(Click image to enlarge)

     The parade’s fourth division had four parts: Captain (1) Jeff R. Smith, gang member William Tener and Joe Brooks. (2) The Skaguay Military Company and the Fitzhugh Lee float, (3) The Man of War float, and (4) The Brooks' Pack Train. The "Fitzhugh Lee'' float centered around a caged American bald eagle captured alive outside of Skagway by two men, who brought it to the city and gave it to Soapy in honor of his patriotic efforts in creating the all-volunteer Skaguay Military Company and offering its services to President McKinley during the Spanish-American War. Once the parade got under way, Soapy rode his dapple-gray horse alongside the J. H. Brooks as planned, but the only known photograph of Soapy in the parade shows that he is not leading the Skaguay Military Company or Fitzhugh Lee (photograph at top of article). Soapy is actually behind Brooks and to the left, not in the front center, like one would assume a grand marshal would place himself. Soapy is known to have craved the attention of the citizenry, so the question is begged, was his moving away from the center stage intentional? We know from photographs that “Fitizhugh Lee” was definitely decorated to be in the parade, consisting of a large wood and wire cage on a wagon decorated with six American flags and traditional tri-colored bunting. John Clancy’s six-year-old son, Frank, dressed as Uncle Sam, riding on the wagon behind the driver. However, a considered look at the parade photograph shows it is missing—in fact, that quite a bit is missing. The one known photograph taken of Soapy during the parade, and it offers some clues. There is more in that photograph, made conspicuous by their absences, that better offers us clues as to what could have happened that day.

Fitzhugh Lee float
Photo taken on Broadway during parade
Proof it was in the July 4 parade

 
(Click image to enlarge)

     No known newspaper accounts about the parade are known to exist. However, there are numerous published eyewitness accounts from people who witnessed the parade. Not a single eyewitness account is known to exist that states Soapy was positioned at the rear of the parade. All of them remember seeing Soapy at the head of the parade. Witnesses also spoke of seeing the Skaguay Military Company, but why would Soapy not be leading them as shown in the one existing photograph?
     Soapy was very proud of the Skaguay Military Company he commanded as it's captain. He led it, parading it through the streets of Skagway on May 1, 1898, and no doubt he was wanting to lead it again for July 4th. Since formed on March 19, 1898, Soapy had had his military unit drilling. A June newspaper account reported that the Company drilled "every night" (Sitka Alaskan Report 06/01/1898).

Only known photograph ofSoapy Smith in July 4 parade
Brooks Pack Train behind him
 Where's the Skaguay Military Company?
Where's the Fitzhugh Lee float?
Courtesy of
Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park

(Click image to enlarge)

     In the parade photograph, Joe Brooks and his Pack Train has a sign advertising the pack train, but the division marshal is without one. A closer look at Soapy shows that he is off to the left, and behind Brooks, not in the middle, as one might assume a fourth division marshal would be.
     Soapy's history reveals a man who rarely gave up or gave in unless forced to, and even then, not without resistance. The parade committee chosen by Skagway merchants hardly seemed a threat to Soapy, so it is likely he had a plan to circumvent its will. So what did Soapy do to get to the front of the parade? What was his strategy? A plan so effective and generally pleasing that it remains a part of the annual July 4 parade tradition in Skagway to this day. Here is what I think happened during the parade that day.

SOAPY SMITH STEALS THE DAY.

     The parade moved south down Broadway towards the bay, with Soapy’s contingent at the very rear for the entire length of the parade. As the parade reached the end of its procession, Soapy put his plan into action. Riding his horse, he dashed up and down the length of the parade line-up, announcing that they should turn around and make another pass back through town. Everyone had worked hard on their floats and costumes and on getting organized, so in the spirit of the 4th of July, the idea of more parading probably sounded like fun. Having announced the proposed idea, and before the parade divisions could make a complete turn circle, Soapy convinced the parade entrants to simply turn about face and start the parade up again, from where they were. Soapy turned his horse and galloped back to the end of the parade, which was now the front of the parade, and started the procession, with him at the lead. Suddenly, out from the side streets, appeared the Skaguay Military Company, Fitzhugh Lee, and the Man of War Float, moving into place right behind Soapy’s horse. With Soapy now at the head of the parade, he led it back up the street before anyone could do anything, but follow along.

     This is when Soapy and his Military Company shined. They had been practicing for months, and were ready to make their captain proud. Reverend John Sinclair reported that “At scheduled intervals the Guards would exercise a neat maneuver and fire a volley into the air as Jeff would lift his hat, acknowledging the plaudits of the crowd. It was Soapy’s greatest hour.”
     Always the planner when it came to managing a crowd, Soapy would have had his many friends, supporters, and particularly members of his gang, spread out among the spectators, boosting enthusiasm and excitement as Soapy would bring his mount to a stop and the military company would perform some sharp maneuver. Then lifting his hat and waving to the crowds to acknowledge their approval, he would lead on, guiding his mount from side to side to present himself. Of course, it is not known what Soapy actually did during the parade. Besides Sinclair’s accounting, this is just a possible scenario. However, it actually was Soapy at the head of his Skaguay Military Company, and they must have put on a spectacular show for him to be remembered as the grand marshal of the parade over 120 years later.

JEFF SMITH'S PARLOR
Before or after the July 4 parade
Soapy Smith is to the right of the Parlor door
Soapy's horse is the light colored one

(Click image to enlarge)

     Today, visitors to Skagway on July 4 will witness the parade make it’s way going in one direction on Broadway, and thanks to Soapy Smith, once the last entry reaches the end, the parade turns around and travels in the opposite direction, along Broadway.
     Official plans did not include Soapy as a speaker, following the parade, but of the post parade activities, Reverend Sinclair wrote in his diary, “Soapy was much in evidence. He was seated on the platform along with Governor Brady, Dr. Campbell and Messrs. Church, Humbert and Everest.” Soapy might have considered some stratagem by which he would be called upon to say a few words, such as planting members of his gang in the audience who could easily stir up the audience in wanting to hear a few words from captain Jeff Smith, the "grand marshal" of the parade. No record shows that Jeff actually addressed the crowd, but knowing Soapy, it seems unlikely that he would not have tried. The Skagway News reported how the fourth “was a great day for amateur photographers, as every man, horse, mule and float was ‘snapped’ at on every corner….” These picture-takers probably photographed the decorated speakers’ platform as well. Rev. Sinclair is reported to have taken up a good picture-taking position, but photographs of this venue, and the rest of the parade, have yet to surface. Hopefully one day they may.

OTHER PHOTOGRAPHS FROM THE PARADE

William Saportas
"One of the 'sure thing' men"
Member of the Soap Gang
July 4th parade
Courtesy of
Cynthia Brackett Driscoll

(Click image to enlarge)

Childrens Float with Goddess of Liberty
Courtesy of
University of Alaska, Fairbanks

(Click image to enlarge)

Ben Moore
July 4 parade
Courtesy of
University of Alaska, Fairbanks

(Click image to enlarge)

"A portion of the fourth of July street parade"
Moving north on State Street
Courtesy of
Cynthia Brackett Driscoll

(Click image to enlarge)

SOURCE:
Examining That Fiend in Hell: The Legend

"On this evening my friend “Soapy” seemed very depressed. He gave me a very interesting account of his life. He had never intended to be regarded as a bad man. He killed his first man in self defense. He just could not help it. It had to be done. He was terribly sorry and the next man also made it necessary for him to Snuff out his candle."

— Saunders Norvell, Forty Years of Hardware, 1924

JULY 10

1679: The British crown claims New Hampshire as a royal colony.

1776: The statue of King George III is pulled down in New York City.

1778: In support of the American Revolution, Louis XVI declares war on England.

1821: The U.S. takes possession of Florida, being sold by Spain.

1832: President Andrew Jackson vetoes legislation to re-charter the Second Bank of the United States.

1861: Fort Breckenridge, New Mexico Territory (Arizona) is demolished and abandoned by Union troops during the Civil War.

1863: Idaho Territory is created.

1866: Edison P. Clark patents his indelible pencil.

1877: Five masked men, probably the Sam Bass gang, rob a Deadwood, Dakota Territory stagecoach heading to Nebraska. No passengers or money was on the coach. The robbers asked about the next coach driving towards Deadwood. That coach was warned and hid at a ranch until certain the robbers had left. Soapy Smith would later witness the shootout that ended the life of Sam Bass in Round Rock, Texas.

1881: Outlaws, Frank and Jesse James rob the Davis and Sexton bank in Riverton, Iowa of $5,000.

1886: Outlaw, Sam Archer, of the Archer Brother gang, is on trial for murder. He is found guilty and will hang. Vigilantes will hang his older brothers, Tom, Mort, and John Archer without a trial.

1890: Wyoming becomes the 44th state to join the Union.

1898: Soap Gang member, Van B. Triplett hides out in the hills after Soapy Smith is killed, in Skagway, Alaska. Hunger becomes too much for him, and he sneaks back into town to eat. He is recognized and arrested while eating breakfast at the Pack Train restaurant. Later in the afternoon gang members, John Bowers, “Slim Jim” Foster, and George Wilder are captured in the hills, north of the town.

1900: The logo, “His Master’s Voice,” is patented. The logo for the Victor Recording Company shows the dog, Nipper, looking into the horn of a gramophone machine.

1901: Outlaws, Cole and Jim Younger are released from the Stillwater, Minnesota penitentiary.

1902: Etta Place and Harry “The Sundance Kid” Longabaugh sail to Buenos Aires aboard the Honorius from New York, working as a purser and stewardess.

The shooting of Harry "Shotgun" Smith by Bascomb Smith, June 23, 1893.

(Click image to enlarge)

HE SHOOTING OF HARRY

"SHOTGUN" SMITH.

Denver's unsolved murder: Number #10

On June 23, 1893, Harry "Shotgun" Smith (no relation) went on a drinking binge and made the deadly mistake of visiting the Tivoli Club and provoking a fight with Bascomb Smith, the younger brother of bad man "Soapy" Smith. Bascomb walked away unscathed. Harry Smith was not so lucky.

      On the afternoon of June 23, 1893 Harry Smith purchased a gun from the Solomon pawnshop for $10. About 8:30 that evening, he entered Goldsmith and Wacker’s saloon at 1718 Larimer, already drunk. He spotted Bascomb and Jimmy Blaine at a table in the rear, went up to Bascomb, and said, “I can whip you in any kind of fight.” He then pulled his gun, struck Bascomb on the head, and told him to “draw and shoot.” But Bascomb was not armed. Before Harry could shoot, the bartender and Blaine grabbed him and forcibly removed him to the street. Meanwhile, Bascomb went to his room, retrieved his “big 45-caliber,” and went to the Tivoli Club. A half hour later, Harry came in, asked Soapy the whereabouts of Bascomb, and was told that he was not there. Jeff proposed a drink but then noticed Harry had a pistol in his right trouser pocket. So rather than a drink, Jeff induced Harry to leave. He did, but twenty minutes later he returned to find Bascomb standing at the entrance. Harry was verbally abusive while Bascomb tried to reason with him. Frustrated, Harry yelled, “You —. I can meet you at your own game,” and again drew his revolver. But this time Bascomb was ready and had his gun out a moment in advance. Grasping one another, they wrestled into the entrance of the Tivoli. Bascomb fired a shot that entered Harry’s left wrist, forcing him to drop his revolver. Bascomb fired three more shots in rapid succession, two of which “lodged into the right breast just above Harry’s heart, piercing his lungs and exiting through the shoulder.” A bullet that missed hit Fritz Beck, a spectator, taking off a piece of his right ear. Harry fell on his back, his head striking hard on the flagging. Bascomb jumped over Harry and ran up Market Street and into a Chinese laundry. He was followed by Officer Barr, who upon reaching the laundry met Bascomb walking out to surrender, saying, “I shot the man to save my own life.”

      Harry Smith and Bascomb went by patrol wagon to city hall, where the police surgeon dressed Harry’s wounds. Growing delirious, Harry started asking for Soapy, and at times he cried out, “If Bascomb was here now, I would fight him. Bring him in.” Soapy came, “spoke to him kindly and the dying man seemed relieved. At times imagining that he had killed Bascomb and then he would cry out, "I got him. I got him.” Harry was taken to St. Luke’s hospital where he died at 11:30 p.m.

      According to witnesses, including the editor of The Mercury newspaper, Bascomb was working in the Tivoli Club on 17th and Market Streets, when a drunk Harry Smith walked in looking for trouble. According to to the editor, Bascomb did all he could to stay clear of Harry, but Harry wanted to fight. "When Bascomb could run no further he drew bead [aimed his gun] and that is why he is alive instead of dead." Bascomb was completely exonerated in court on grounds of self-defense but most of Denver's newspapers called it a murder that Bascomb escaped with.

     Five years later, in 1898, the Denver Evening Post listed the Harry Smith shooting as "number #10 in Denver's unsolved murders."

Harry Smith: pages 89, 184, 273-76.

Bascomb Smith: pages 22, 41-42, 67, 75-76, 88-89, 92, 120-22, 139, 143, 162-63, 165, 167, 169, 176, 178, 182, 214, 247, 264, 273-75, 336, 340, 352, 355, 361, 363, 367, 370-77, 381-86, 391-99, 403-05, 408-09, 412, 420-23, 519, 554-55, 584, 588-89, 594. 

"It was quite warm in the compartment so 'Soapy' undid the buttons of his vest. I was interested to observe that instead of carrying his two guns on his hips, strapped around his waist, as we usually see them these days in the movies, 'Soapy' had a sort of harness around his shoulders. The holsters of his two large Colt revolvers hung under his arms and the butt of each revolver pointed forward, just concealed by the top of his vest. With this contrivance the bad man of the West never reached for his hip, in theatrical fashion, thus advertising to his adversary what was to be expected. Not at all! When 'Soapy' started in action all he had to do was to gently put his hand inside of the upper part of his vest and with one swing the other fellow was 'covered.'"

—Saunders Norvell, Forty Years of Hardware, 1924

JUNE 23

1683: William Penn signs a friendship treaty with the Lenni Lenape Indians in Pennsylvania.

1835: Cullen Montgomery Baker, notorious Texas and Arkansas desperado is born in Weakley County, Tennessee. It is alleged that he and his gang killed from fifty to several hundred people during the era following the Civil War.

1836: Congress approves the Deposit Act, which contains a provision for turning over surplus federal revenue to the states.

1860: The U.S. Secret Service is created to arrest counterfeiters.

1865: Confederate General and Cherokee Indian chief, Stand Watie, surrenders the last Confederate army at Fort Towson, Oklahoma Territory.

1868: Christopher Sholes receives the patent for the Typewriter.

1877: Jesse Evans, a member of the Murphy-Dolan gang during the Lincoln County War in New Mexico Territory, is acquitted in the murder of Quirrono Fletcher.

1878: John Larn, a lawman-turned-outlaw is lynched in Fort Griffin, Texas by vigilantes. When the vigilantes take possession of Larn, they were not able to release him from his cell, so they shot there.

1880: The Windsor Hotel in Denver, Colorado opens. Leased to Colorado millionaire Horace Tabor, the Windsor is easily the most lavish hostelry in the west.

1883: Charles Earl “Black Bart” Bowles robs the Jackson-Ione stage four miles from Jackson, California. At the conclusion of the robbery he leaves behind an unusual calling card: a poem.

1884: Cherokee Indian outlaw Bluford “Blue Duck” Duck murders a farmer named Samuel Wyrick in the Flint District of the Cherokee Nation. Blue Duck emptied his revolver into Wyrick, reloaded, and then fired again at a boy who was working for Wyrick. Duck then rode over to a neighboring farm and shot at but missed the neighbor. Deputy Marshal Frank Cochran arrested Blue Duck for the murder.

1885: Denver City Council rescinds Soapy Smith’s peddler’s license to sell his prize soap packages.

1893: Bascomb Smith, brother of Soapy Smith, shoots and kills “Shotgun Harry” Smith (no relation) in the Tivoli Club, Denver, Colorado.

1898: The first battle of the Spanish-American War is fought at Las Guasimas. The Cavalry regiments are commanded by Major General Joseph Wheeler, the only Confederate general to be reinstated in the U.S. Army after the Civil War.

Soapy Smith meets Capt. of Detectives John Fitzgerald, Tacoma, Washington.

Video game police officer

(Click image to enlarge)

he Captain advised Soapy that it would be in the best interest of his health if he were to vacate Tacoma no sooner than yesterday.

D. H. M. Meyers writes

     My Great-Grandfather, John Fitzgerald, was Captain of Detectives in Tacoma, WA. during the 1890's and early1900's. According to my grandmother, Catherine McGeough (nee Fitzgerald), who was a girl at the time, Soapy Smith made a stop in Tacoma while on his was to Skagway [Alaska]. At some point during his visit there he was confronted by Capt. Fitzgerald, who was known to one and all in Tacoma simply as "The Captain." The Captain advised Soapy that it would be in the best interest of his health if he were to vacate Tacoma no sooner than yesterday. Soapy, apparently being no one's fool, took The Captain's advice to heart and immediately left Tacoma for better climes (probably to Seattle where the steamships left for Alaska). In a nutshell, my great grandfather, according to my grandmother, ran Soapy Smith out of town. As stated, this is all anecdotal - stories my grandmother told me many, many years ago in the 1950's when I was just a dumb kid and didn't have sense enough to press for details. I wish I had! I had no idea, at the time, that Soapy Smith was, or would become, a historically significant character. I do recall that grandma McGeough did make mention of the "soap bar scam" and have always assumed that this was the reason for his confrontation with "The Captain." Who knows? Grandma also acknowledged the fact that Soapy had a "gang," but not while he was in Tacoma. As an aside; I have a solid gold, six point badge that was, according to the engraving on the backside, presented to "The Captain" by his fellow detectives on December 25th, 1901.

Mr. Meyers wrote to me,

     Jeff, I would assume, by your name and photo, that you are "related." I have no way of verifying any of the stories that my Grandmother told me. Unfortunately I was quite young when they were told to me and didn't have the sense, or curiosity, to press for details. Damn my youth! I have, however, done a bit of research into the history of my Great-Grandfather, Capt. John Fitzgerald. Apparently he was one tough little Irishman who didn't back down from anyone. He was quite well respected in Tacoma because he was, in his day, "relatively honest." My only other "Soapy" story comes again, from my Grandmother. She told me that sometime in the very early 1900's a man came to call, socially, on "The Captain." Grandma was somewhat taken aback by the man's appearance because, according to her, he looked like some one had "hit him in the face with an axe." After his departure she asked her father who the man was and he told her that he was once part of "Soapy Smith's gang." Wish that there was more that I could tell you but that is pretty much the extent of Grandmother's "Soapy Smith" tales.

Was it THE Soapy Smith that Captain John Fitzgerald warned to leave Tacoma?

     History records that Soapy operated in Spokane and Seattle, Washington, but it is not known if he went to Tacoma. As Tacoma was an important port, and just 34 miles from Seattle, it seems likely that he did, but perhaps never got caught or arrested. However, another "Soapy" Smith did get arrested in Tacoma.

     A Skagway, Alaska member of the Soap Gang, named Harry Green was aboard a steamer heading for Seattle with a number of fellow confidence crooks. They found out that a newspapers reporter was onboard too, so they concocted a joke on the newsman. Each member of the gang pretended to be someone else, and Harry Green made the mistake of choosing to be "Soapy Smith." When the real Soapy discovered the deception he did not find it very humorous. Soapy wrote and sent a threatening letter to the Green, of which Green replied on April 12, 1898, the day he checked into the Hotel Northern, signing the register “Jeff Smith."

Mr. Smith:
     Your letter of the 28th just received by chance. I happened to drop in to Seattle today.
     When I left Skaguay on the 21st Mar, I left on the boat Ning-Chaw, and there was no one on that boat but a lot of your friends, such fellows as Luther Woods, Johnnie Miller, Bill Toregdy, and Big Down, a lot of Arizona and Texas friends of yours and mine. This talk that was made to the reporter was made all through a josh, they named on the boat to the reporter. Luther Woods’ name was supposed to be Jerry Daily, my name was supposed to be Jeff Smith’s brother. Big Down [was] supposed to be Harry Green, Roberts’ partner. They asked for Harry Green on the boat running from Victoria to Seattle. They referred the reporter to Big Down that was supposed to be Harry Green, the man that come back from fish creek, with a lot of gold nuggets, a wealthy man. Now you can see the crowd on that boat was doing it more for a josh on the reporter than anything else. You have never known me to be a knocker on no body living. I don’t like to have the name of being a knocker. I am not making any apology to anybody if I would of done it. You know I don’t like a reporter or policeman any how. The reporter in Victoria had it that Soapy Smith’s gang got run out of Skaguay and we were supposed to be the gang…. In regards to making it pretty warm for me when I return [to Skaguay], I never intended to go back when I left…, and if I ever happen to get back, I’ll not hide from nobody. I have not done it yet, and I never will. There is as good a blood in me as there is in anybody there. You will find me at Seattle or Spokane any time. I am sorry I have to write this kind of a letter because I have a lot of friends amongst you fellows, such as Agerman Daily and all others that I know. I don’t want them to think for one moment that I was to fault for any josh like that. No more news.

Remain yours, Harry Green.

Harry Green used Jeff’s name again in Tacoma, on May 1, 1898, when the newspaper there mistakenly reported “Soapy” Smith arrested there.

TACOMA, May 2.— Eight tough gamblers from Seattle came over to the campground of the First regiment of Washington volunteers yesterday, and attempted to open up a nutshell and other flimflam games. The commanding officer was advised of their presence, and at once sent a detail to drive them off the premises. Two of the gamblers drew revolvers, but they were overpowered before they had time to use them and placed in the guard house … until civil officers could be summoned.

     The prisoners were taken to the county jail, where four of them gave bail in the sum of $500. The other four are still in jail. It is understood that “Soapy” Smith, of Skagway, was at the head of the gang.

The real Soapy in Skagway was furious. Not known is if he ever made it “warm” for Green for stealing his name and damaging it. With opportunity, doubtless he would have.
     So, did Captain John Fitzgerald warn Soapy Smith out of Tacoma, or did he warn Harry Green, believing it was Soapy Smith? Perhaps both, but with a span of time in between? 

Harry Green: pages 497-98.

"I do not know just how many men “Soapy” had killed, but I understood there were a good many notches on the butt of his revolver."

—Saunders Norvell, Forty Years of Hardware, 1924

JUNE 21

1788: The Constitution goes into effect when New Hampshire becomes the ninth state to ratify it.

1834: Cyrus McCormick patents a practical mechanical reaper for farming, which allows farmers to double their crop size.

1859: Andrew Lanergan receives the first rocket patent.

1867: Two soldiers are killed in a fight with Indians near Fort Wallace, Kansas.

1876: Aboard the steamship Far West Lieutenant Colonel George Custer meets with General Alfred Terry to discuss strategy against the Indians in Montana Territory.

1878: Charles Earl “Black Bart” Bowles robs the LaPorte-Oroville stage three miles from Forbestown, California. At the conclusion of the robbery he leaves behind an unusual calling card: a poem.

1887: Leavenworth, Kansas burns, causing $200,000 worth of damage.

Forty Years of Hardware, Saunders Norvell meets bad-man Soapy Smith

Soapy's shoulder holster
Jeff Smith collection

(Click image to enlarge)

ORTY YEARS OF HARDWARE

Saunders Norvell meets Soapy Smith

In 1924 Saunders Norvell published the book, Forty Years of Hardware, his adventures as a hardware salesman. The year is probably in the mid-1890s when he takes a train on a business trip to Leadville, Colorado. Saunders knew Soapy well enough that the two men recognized one another on the train, but Saunders did not know Soapy as intimately as he was about get to. In writing his book, Saunders could have easily made up a harrowing story of terror at meeting face-to-face with the "very dangerous ambler and gunman," but he doesn't. Instead, we read about two humans from two entirely different paths, that understand and trust one-another. Instead, we read about an encounter perhaps 30 years in the past, and 26 years after Soapy's demise. Twenty-six years, and Saunders still refers to Soapy Smith as "friend."

But let us return to Colorado, pick up our catalog case, catch the D. and R. G. narrow-gauged train and start out on one of our adventures in selling goods. One snowy night on the D. and R. G., bound for Leadville, there were only two passengers in the smoking room of the little Pullman. One was “Soapy” Smith and the other was a young hardware salesman. “Soapy” was a gambler and a gunman and had the reputation of being a very dangerous man. There were many stories about his accuracy and quickness with his gun. “Soapy” was one of that class of men living in the West at that time who always took a seat with their back to the wall and who never cared to sit in a room in a lonely place with the windows open and the lamps lighted. I do not know just how many men “Soapy” had killed, but I understood there were a good many notches on the butt of his revolver. I had met “Soapy” several times before in hardware stores and in gambling palaces, so our greeting was friendly.

     It was quite warm in the compartment so “Soapy” undid the buttons of his vest. I was interested to observe that instead of carrying his two guns on his hips, strapped around his waist, as we usually see them these days in the movies, “Soapy” had a sort of harness around his shoulders. The holsters of his two large Colt revolvers (this was long before the days of automatics) hung under his arms and the butt of each revolver pointed forward, just concealed by the top of his vest. With this contrivance the bad man of the West never reached for his hip, in theatrical fashion, thus advertising to his adversary what was to be expected. Not at all! When “Soapy” started in action all he had to do was to gently put his hand inside of the upper part of his vest and with one swing the other fellow was “covered.” As I sat in the smoker and observed this display of artillery, I thought that every man must attend carefully to the details of his trade.

     Now in my coat I had two large pockets, one on either side, and in each of these pockets I had a specially prepared leather case that held six of the old-fashioned type of razors. In those days a razor that cost about $7 per dozen sold for $12—a net profit of $5 per dozen. The extra fancy razors, full hollow ground, gold etched with pearl and ivory handles, sold all the way from $24 to $36 per dozen, and the profit on them was the Dutchman's 1 per cent (100 per cent). As my arrangement was based not on volume of sales but on profits, I was very partial to the sale of razors. I paid my traveling expenses by my razor sales alone. Therefore I had these two leather cases made and every dealer, before he started buying such staple items as machine bolts, had to listen to my tale on razors first!

     On this evening my friend “Soapy” seemed very depressed. He gave me a very interesting account of his life. He had never intended to be regarded as a bad man. He killed his first man in self defense. He just could not help it. It had to be done. He was terribly sorry and the next man also made it necessary for him to Snuff out his candle. “Then,” said “Soapy,” “I got the reputation of being a gunman, and of course after that whenever there was any little difficulty it was simply a question of the man who could draw the quickest and shoot the straightest. So here I am now, marked as a bad man when as a matter of fact I have a very gentle disposition and an affectionate nature. No one hates trouble more than I do. I would walk a block at any time to keep out of trouble. Sometimes when I see trouble starting I am sorry, but just because I am labeled and pigeon-holed as a bad man other men seem to think on me.” Of course, I expressed my understanding and sympathy. I told him that every man suffered more or less from undeserved reputations. All of us suffered that way, but all we could do was to try to live it down.

     Then, with tears in his eyes, “Soapy” said that he knew very well that he could not always be on his guard—that someday somebody would get him. He referred to the James boys of Missouri, also to the Younger brothers. “You see,” said “Soapy,” “somebody always gets them in the end. Now,” said he, “some day, notwithstanding my gentle and affectionate nature, you will pick up a newspaper and you will read of my being killed with my boots on, because you know a feller can't always get his finger on the trigger first. It's sure to come.” of course, I was awfully sorry for “Soapy” and tried to cheer him up.

     I asked him to let me see his guns, and I noticed that they were Colt 38-calibre with the heavy stock of the 45. He said he liked the heavy stock because it was steadier in the hand. Then I took out my razor cases and showed him my razors. He admired them very much and I was sorry I could not sell him a line. I made him a present of one.

     One day, a few years later, just as “Soapy” had predicted, I took up a newspaper and there was an account of his death in Alaska. He died just as he prophesied—with his boots on. The other fellow drew first. I remember all that day I was pensive and sorrowful on account of the premature and untimely end of my friend “Soapy.” In an Alaskan town on the board sidewalk there is a cross of brass nails marking the spot where “Soapy” fell.

Soapy's shoulder holster: May 6, 2014

"A hero is a hero but everybody loves a good villain."

—Ferb (Phineas and Ferb)

JUNE 19

1586: English colonists sail away from Roanoke Island, North Carolina, after failing to establish England's first permanent settlement in America.

1778: General George Washington's troops leave Valley Forge after a winter of training.

1846: The New York Knickerbocker Club plays the New York Club in the first organized baseball game at the Elysian Field, Hoboken, New Jersey.

1862: President Abraham Lincoln outlines his Emancipation Proclamation, which bans slavery in U.S. territories.

1864: The USS Kearsarge sinks the CSS Alabama off of Cherbourg, France during the Civil War.

1865: Galveston, Texas is retaken by Union forces during the Civil War.

1865: The emancipation of slaves is proclaimed in Texas.

1867: The Kansas Pacific Railroad reaches Fort Ellsworth, Kansas from Kansas City, Missouri.

1867: The Belmont Stakes is run for the first time in New York.

1876: Washakie and 200 Eastern Shoshone Indian warriors arrive too late to aid General Crook at Rosebud Creek, Montana Territory.

1876: Fire erupts in Virginia City, Nevada destroying twenty-five buildings.

1877: Horse thieves, A. J. Allen, Louis Curry, and James Hall are captured and jailed at Rapid City, Dakota Territory. A mob breaks into the jail and lynches the men.

1880: George Flatt, a former lawman is shot to death in Caldwell, Kansas. It is believed to have been the deed of Deputy Marshal J. Frank Hunt.

1898: Soapy Smith is reported to have been killed. The report turns out to be false.

Soapy Smith in, The Confessions of a Con Man: As Told to Will Irwin, 1909

The unnamed con man runs a three-shell and pea game
From The Confessions of a Con Man: As Told to Will Irwin

(Click image to enlarge)

N ALLIANCE WITH SOAPY SMITH

In 1909 Will Irwin published a book, The Confessions of a Con Man: As Told to Will Irwin, based on the memoirs of an unnamed confidence man in the 1880s-90s. My interest in this book is that the unnamed bunco artist apparently met up, and worked with "Soapy" Smith in Skagway, Alaska (The book uses the original spelling of Skaguay).
     Because of the information given it is wondered if the bunco man had actually worked with Soapy. He does give information that very few would have known at the time, but also gives false information, which may have been intentionally misleading, designed to keep accomplices in the Soap Gang safe from further prosecution. However, it is the con man's description of Soapy that is not accurate, giving the impression that he did not know Soapy. Then again, throughout the book, it is evident that this man had an ego, wanting to appear to his audience that he was more intelligent and in control, than his peers and associates that he worked with. As he is anonymous in the book he had the capacity and room to tell the history his way, without fear of peer reprisal. His pride and self-admiration gave him the room to make himself out to be the boss, making Soapy out to be under his employment rather than the other way around.
     Following is the full text regarding Soapy Smith.

     You remember, probably, how the rush to the Klondike started. On Saturday, no one had ever heard of Dawson City. On Sunday morning the papers were full of it, and the overland trains were jammed with mushers hurrying to Alaska. At the time, Jeff Steers and I were working about Chicago, playing mainly for the truck-farmers. We hadn’t been doing very well, and we decided that a mining country with a strike was just about the place for us.
     Steers was a friend of Soapy Smith. He figured that you couldn’t keep Soapy away with a twenty-mule team. We got him on the wire. He answered: "Meet me in Seattle."

     At the time we were just about broke, but we hooked a German truck-farmer, beat him out of six hundred dollars, left two hundred of it behind with our families, and started. Soapy met us at the train. He had just money enough to get himself to Skaguay. The police of Seattle were pretty strict, and we couldn’t find anything to do. However, Steers and I proceeded to a lumber town near-by, caught a sucker, and, by playing the card game which we call "giving him the best of it," we raised three hundred dollars enough, with what we had, to take us into Skaguay.
     A lot of foolishness has been written about Soapy Smith. As a grafter, he was nothing more than a poor fool. He couldn’t manipulate, he couldn’t steer, he couldn’t do anything. But he had a lot of nerve and fight, and he was just conceited enough to pose as a bad man.

The latter paragraphs makes me question whether the unnamed confidence man ever knew Soapy Smith. He places Soapy pretty far down the ladder of importance, likely to make himself out to be the more important person in the telling of his story

     That made him valuable wherever the grafters needed a head and protector. When we reached Skaguay we found a job for Soapy at once.

I love that last sentence. The "king of the frontier con men" needed to obtain a job from a likely unknown.

The town was only a transportation point, a stopping place for the mushers who were going on into Dawson. They all had money; and most of them were reckless with it. There was hardly any city government, and the permanent citizens, who were living off the mushers themselves, didn’t particularly object to our game.
     I played three-card monte myself, picking up my steerers from two or three excellent ones who had come up independently. Even as early as that I was acting the innocent Texan; and though I hadn’t worked my spiel up to perfection yet, it was pretty entertaining. Well, I’ve had a gang of twenty or thirty Skaguay business men stand around and watch me work, just for the fun of the thing!
     Still, there was always a Purity Brigade which wanted to stop us.
     Soapy's job was to act as protector for the whole gang, bribing officials who would take money, and intimidating those who wouldn’t. For that he charged a sixth of our profits, after the nut was taken out. Many kicked at the price. A gang of shell-workers struck out on the train toward Dawson and worked independently. I’ve heard that they made twenty thousand dollars while the graft lasted. I started once to try Dawson on my own hook. I was half-way up the pass when some Northwest Mounted Police told me that a man couldn’t get out of Dawson all winter. No town for me where I couldn’t make a quick getaway! I doubled back to Skaguay.
     I found trouble in the air. The official who was most troublesome to us was the surveyor-general. He warned Soapy to quit, and Soapy warned him to look out for bullets. Business men who had been my friends began to cut me on the streets. Every day you heard rumors of a vigilance committee.
     I stopped one morning for breakfast at the restaurant of a Jap who stood in with us. As he laid down my ham and eggs he made a circle around his neck with his finger and pointed heaven ward.
     "The deuce you say," said I. "When?"
     "Yesterday," said the Jap.
     "How many?" said I. He counted on four fingers.
     "What for?" said I.
     He imitated the motion of a man manipulating the shells. And the grin of the simple-minded Oriental showed that he thought I was in bad.

The part referring to "a Jap," is one of the hints that indicates that the unnamed con man just may have been in Skagway. The "Jap" may refer to Thomas Rauschman, alias "Jap Tommy" who owned the Comique Concert Hall. Later, Elmer J. “Stroller” White wrote that Rauschman had nothing to do with Jeff’s activities, but rather, he did own the Comique Concert Hall, and the Committee wanted possession of it because of its stage and large seating capacity for their meetings. However, I found nothing indicating that "Jap Tommy" owned a restaurant, though the Concert Hall may have had one. attached.

     I went out on the street. The people looked at me crosswise. Every one had heard that the four shell-workers who worked on the Dawson trail had been lynched. As a matter of fact, they had only been run off the trail; but Skaguay didn’t know any different as long as I lingered.
     I hunted up Soapy, and told him that we were overdue in Seattle.
     "You ain’t got no nerve," said Soapy.
     "No," said I, "maybe not. But neither do I want to secrete a parcel of bullets in my inside from somebody’s shooting-pistol." I took passage on a steamer which left that afternoon.
     Two days later Soapy got his. The vigilantes were meeting on a wharf. Soapy walked straight up to them with his gun he surely had nerve, that fellow. The surveyor-general was the man he wanted. They drew simultaneously. The surveyor-general dropped, but he shot Soapy from the ground. Both died that day.

This telling of the standard version of the shootout on Juneau Wharf may have actually come from our unnamed con man, for if he had fled Skagway and never ran into any of Soapy's friends, then the standard story of the gunfight would be the only version he would know, having come from the local newspapers.
     It is possible this con man never knew Soapy but if he indeed spoke the truth and had actually traveled to Skagway with Soapy then I believe he was not on the best of terms with Soapy to begin with and certainly not a friend or regular member of the Soap Gang. The first time Soapy went to Skagway he went with two other men. They stayed for one month and brought home around $30,000. If this con man had actually gone to Skagway with Soapy then it was most likely not on Soapy's first trip. The man's comments about Soapy's abilities teeter towards the ludicrous. If he knew Soapy he did not like him. I believe he may have been one of the many independent bunco men who flooded Alaska in the hopes of finding easy money and work in general. He may have worked for Soapy or he may not have, there is no way to know for certain. He admits at one point ("... and though I hadn't worked my spiel up to perfection yet, it was pretty entertaining.") that he is new in the field and because of this I believe he was rejected by Soapy, who was already over-loaded with men wanting to work for him, and this is where the loathsome comments stem from. Further into the story the con man mentions that Soapy "charged a sixth of our profits" leaving me leaning more towards the idea that this man was an independent operator. Another comment that got me to thinking was when he said that a "gang of shell-workers struck out on the train toward Dawson and worked independently." This is odd as the first passenger carrying train left Skagway on July 21, 1898, which is after Soapy was killed and the train only went four miles outside of the city. According to the con man he had left two days before Soapy had been killed.

     Alaska people have talked like a dime novel about the Soapy Smith gang in Skaguay. Only lately, a paper said that our "coffee and doughnut men" used to rob and kill people, and drop their bodies into the bay. That is rank foolishness. Grafters don't work that way. Soapy wouldn’t have protected any man who did.
     The straight money from three-card monte and the shells came so easy that we would have been crazy to take such risks, even if we had been thugs and murderers. A man who knows anything about graft realizes the rattle-headedness of such talk. And I know better than anyone else, because I was on the inside. 

This last section made the pages of my book, Alias Soapy Smith: The Life and Death of a Scoundrel. It's generally true of the average bunco gangs, but there are plenty of sourced instances where the Soap Gang and others outright robbed their victims. It was the robbery of John Stewart's gold poke that directly led to Soapy's demise. 

Will Irwin, The Confessions of a Con Man: pages 531, 599.

"The earliest surviving account of a poker game, written in 1829, describes a rigged one."

—American Heritage.com

JUNE 15

1607: Colonists in North America complete James Fort in Jamestown.

1775: George Washington is appointed head of the Continental Army by the Second Continental Congress.

1836: Arkansas is admitted into the Union as the 25th state.

1844: Charles Goodyear is granted a patent for the process that strengthens rubber.

1846: Great Britain and the U.S. agree on joint occupation of the Oregon Territory.

1864: An order to establish a military burial ground becomes Arlington National Cemetery.

1867: Indians and the 3rd Infantry battle at Big Timbers, Kansas.

1877: Four civilians are killed by Nez Perce Indians at John Day's Creek, Idaho Territory.

1877: Henry O. Flipper becomes the first African American to graduate from the Military Academy at West Point.

1878: A military escort takes Jesse Evans from Lincoln to Mesilla, New Mexico Territory to stand trial for the murder of John Tunstall.

1881: The James-Younger gang robs the Chicago and Rock Island train of $1,000 in Winston, Missouri.

1883: The first eastbound Northern Pacific train arrives in Helena, Montana Territory.

1898: The House of Representatives approves annexation of Hawaii.

1898: The White Pass and Yukon Railway begins laying track rail in Skagway, Alaska.

Soapy Smith a Republican Party alternate delegate, June 1892

"The soap fakir"
Saint Paul Daily Globe
June 3, 1892

(Click image to enlarge)

 

oapy" Smith, the soap fakir, is in the city"

Just short of two months after leaving Creede, Colorado, Soapy Smith ended up in Saint Paul Minnesota. The Saint Paul Daily Globe of Saint Paul, Minnesota announces that bunco artist Soapy Smith is in the city.

"Soapy" Smith, the soap fakir, is in the city, though it is hard to tell what he will do, unless he falls foul of the gas pipe system.①

Why did he go there? Was there a large fair or exposition? Was he working the streets swindling unwary citizens, or was he possibly there to attend the Republican National Convention? It wouldn't be the first time he was considered an important ally of the Republican Party, and it wouldn't be the last.
      In April 1892 at the local Republican meeting in Denver, Soapy was elected alternate delegate from the fourth district, prescient five.② It is very probable that Soapy was in Saint Paul as an official from Colorado. Soapy's wish to jump into high level politics clashed with his criminal history when on June 3, 1892 the Saint Paul Daily Globe published an article entitled, "The Swells are in," describing that "a batch of real high-toned have come to town." About two dozen, according to the newspaper. Some of those noted are as follows.

From Chicago

• Minnie Daly, "the handsomest and best dressed confidence woman in the country."
• Clabby Burns, husband of Minnie Daly.
• Nora Keating
• Minnie May
• O'brien,  "the well-known 'shell' man," also known as "Single O."

From St. Louis

• Harry Hanly
• Chris Moore
• Wallace Healy

And of course, "'Soapy' Smith, the soap fakir."
     According to the newspaper, "Maj. Norton, the long, white-haired politician from Texas," barely escaped being a victim of one of the Cincinnati bunco men. The politician would have got stung had it not been for a local police detective recognizing the crook.③   
      "The convention was not scheduled to begin until June 7, 1892, but attendees began arriving in Minneapolis as early as June 1. The local papers buzzed about their presence." Soapy arrived on or before June 3rd and there is no information on what he did there. It is estimated that 10,000 people were in Saint Paul for the convention. Seems hard to fathom that Soapy would not make a little money while there, even if in an official capacity. "President Harrison did not attend, nor did his main Republican rival, James G. Blaine. However, many top politicians of the time were in Minneapolis, including Chauncey Depew, James S. Clarkson, Joseph Foraker, and future Republican president William McKinley. Frederick Douglass and Susan B. Anthony were in town, too, not to attend the convention but to draw attention to their causes."④

Interior of the Exposition Hall
Republican National Convention
Saint Paul, Minneapolis
Courtesy of the Minnesota Historical Society

(Click image to enlarge)

      How long did Soapy stay in Saint Paul? Three days after the newspaper reported him as being in the city, he was interviewed by a reporter from the Denver Rocky Mountain News regarding the huge fire in Creede, Colorado of June 5, 1892.⑤ It is very possible that the reporter was in Saint Paul to report on the Republican Convention. It is also possible that Soapy left Saint Paul and was back in Denver for his interview. Did he leave Saint Paul because he the primary delegate was present at the convention, and as the alternate delegate Soapy was no longer needed, or did the town become too hot for him to work it?

SOURCES

① Minnpost, June 10, 2014
② Rocky Mountain News, April 24, 1892
③ Minnpost, June 10, 2014
④ Minnpost, June 10, 2014
⑤ Rocky Mountain News, April 24, 1892

Minnpost: When Minneapolis hosted the Republican National Convention.

Soapy as alternate delegate for the Republican National Convention: page 247.

"He had the calm confidence of a Christian with four aces."

— Mark Twain

JUNE 3

1539: Hernando De Soto claims Florida for Spain.

1621: The Dutch West India Company receives a charter for New Netherlands (now known as New York).

1784: Congress formally creates the U.S. Army to replace the disbanded Continental Army. On June 14, 1775, the Second Continental Congress had created the Continental Army for purposes of common defense and this event is considered to be the birth of the United States Army.

1800: John Adams moves to Washington D.C., being the first president to live in the capitol.

1805: A peace treaty between the U.S. and Tripoli is signed in the captain's cabin on board the USS Constitution.

1851: The New York Knickerbockers are the first baseball team to don uniforms.

1856: Cullen Whipple patents the screw machine.

1871: The Ocobock Bank in Corydon, Iowa is robbed of gold and bills by the James-Younger Gang. It is estimated that the robbers got away with $40,000.

1873: A drunken soldier in a Delano, Kansas dancehall shoots Emma Stanley, a dancer, in the leg. Edward “Red Beard” Beard, the proprietor, rushes a group of soldiers, firing a pistol hitting one soldier in the throat and another in the leg. Two nights’ later some 30 soldiers invade Beard's place shooting and wounding gambler Charles Leshhart and another dance hall maiden. The soldiers then burn the dance hall to the ground.

1874: Bessie and Sallie Earp are arrested for opening a house of ill repute in Wichita, Kansas.

1887: William Moore locates the White Pass Trail near the future town of Skagway Alaska. Soapy Smith makes it his home and final empire of conquest in 1897.

1888: The poem, Casey at the Bat by Ernest Thayer is published.

1892: The Saint Paul Daily Globe of Saint Paul Minnesota announces that bunco artist Soapy Smith is working the streets swindling unwary citizens.

1895: Sheriff James Musgrove, of the Cooweescoowee District of the Cherokee Nation is shot and killed by "Frog" Davis, in Catoosa, Oklahoma. Musgrove and Deputy J. Flippin approach Davis’ house to arrest him, but Davis knows they are there, and is hiding in an outhouse. He shoots hitting Musgrove in the abdomen and escapes. Musgrove dies of his wound. The following week Davis is arrested near Tulsa, Oklahoma where he is tried and convicted for the murder.

1895: Two brothers, Bob and Bill Christian, and Jim Casey, escape from the Oklahoma County Jail in Oklahoma City. The brothers were being held for the murder of Pottawatomie County Deputy Sheriff Will Turner. Casey was being held for the murder of Canadian County Deputy sheriff Sam Farris. Chief of Police John Milton Jones and Officer G. Jackson confront the escapees at Grand and Broadway. A gunfight ensues during which Chief Jones and Jim Casey are killed. The Christian brothers escaped.

1898: James Parker is the last man hanged in the Courthouse Plaza in Prescott, Arizona. The train robber was in the in the Yavapai County jail when he shot and killed assistant District Attorney Erasmus Norris during an escape attempt.

1898: The San Francisco Call publishes a story in which volunteers of Soapy Smith’s private militia, the Skaguay Military Company, are robbed during a fake doctor exam.