Will Raid the Camp at Skaguay: San Francisco Call, 09/06/1897.

WILL RAID THE CAMP AT SKAGUAY
San Francisco Call – Bulletin
September 6, 1897

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OLD OPERATIONS OF CRIMINALS."

 

Just weeks after Skaguay’s “founding” Soapy Smith was already entrenched within the gambling and saloon hierarchy of the new camp. Below is the transcription of the article from the San Francisco Call – Bulletin, September 6, 1897. My personal notes and comments follow.

WILL RAID THE CAMP AT SKAGUAY

Officers of Alaska Intend to drive Out the Lawless Element.

SHARKS ON THE TRAIL WITH A SHELL GAME.

Hardships of Unfortunate Gold-Seekers, Who Cannot Go Forward, Increased by the Bold Operations of Criminals.

      SEATTLE, WASH., Sept. 5.—Things have about reached a crises at Skaguay. Trouble, it is asserted, cannot be averted, and the condition of affairs is so alarming that Government officers are gathering in a squad to save Americans. The steamer Queen arrived from the north at 3 o’clock this morning and brings down the latest news. It is alleged that gamblers and other criminals, while robbing miners every hour of the day and night, are doing everything in their power to cause a blockade on White Pass and drive the thousands of desperate men into a winter’s camp at Skaguay, so that the robbery can continue. Some of the most notorious criminals of the country are there. The old shell game is being worked with success almost on the summit of White Pass by “Soapy” Jim Smith, a renowned crook from St. Louis. An ex-convict from Montana is assisting him. Then, too, thieves are at work. On August 27 one miner’s tent was relieved of $1400.
     On the Queen were George B. Kittinger of this city and Colonel F. S. Chadbourne of San Francisco, a State Harbor Commissioner of California. From interviews had with these men it is apparent that the worst has yet to be told concerning the horrors at Skaguay. Mr. Kittinger, who is the Alaska representative of Millionaire J. Edward Addicks, returned for additional funds with which to secure boats and transportation from their camp to the lakes. Before leaving the trail Mr. Kittinger offered two men $200 a thousand for whipsawing lumber at the lakes for two boats. The men refused the job, and Kittinger finally contracted to purchase the boats at $350 each. Kittinger says:

     “The feeling is most intense among the miners on the trail. Trouble of the most serious nature is likely to break out at any minute. The miners’ committee, impelled by the wholesale stealing that has been going on for weeks past, held a meeting and announced that the first man caught in theft would be strung up without the formality of a trial.
     “All the men in the camp have been made desperate by the failure to get over the trail and by the terrible hardships they have been compelled to endure in the hopeless struggle against odds. The miners have become suspicious of each other and quarrels are of hourly occurrence. Every man’s hand is raised against every other man. The lawless characters are much in evidence and dissensions and discords have broken out among the miners until such a thing as co-operation is impossible. Words are utterly inadequate to describe the trail. You cannot put it too strong. If there were 300 there instead of 6000 it would be different, but with men and horses—some of the latter not more brutes than the men—there is much struggling and fighting for a chance to get beyond the summit. All efforts to place the trail in shape for travel are utterly in vain.”

      The attention of the authorities of Alaska have been drawn to Skaguay, and Governor Brady and Collector Ivey detailed and announced to him his intention of raiding Skaguay with a force of deputy marshals, driving out the whisky smugglers, saloon men and dive keepers and arresting the confidence men and thugs.
     “This,” said Colonel Chadbourne, “is the only way in which they hope to avoid crimes of all descriptions during the winter. The whisky men and thieves have conspired to keep the trail blocked so that thousands will be forced to winter at Skaguay. They know that the authorities are not able to cope with them and figure on getting every dollar out of the tenderfeet from the East before spring sets in. All sorts of traps are laid for the unwary Easterners and men from the villages of the coast. Soapy Jim, one of the most notorious confidence operators on the coast, conducts a shell game right out on the open trail. Jack Jolly, the murderer who has just been released from the Montana penitentiary, is on the grounds and says that Skaguay is the easiest graft in the country.”

      Collector Ivey said that if he could break up the whisky smugglers and dive-keepers the camp would disperse, the gold hunters return to Juneau and the Sound for the winter and quiet would be restored.
     Governor Brady is quoted as saying that the situation is laden with trouble, and that he intends notifying the department at Washington of the condition of affairs. The action of the Collector’s deputies in taxing the Canadian mounted police $30 per head duty for their horses has incensed the Canadians, and as they passed up the trail they openly announced their intention of “cinching” the first of the American miners that got to Lake Tagish, where the Canadian customs officers is established.
     In spite of the attempt of the miners’ committee to close the trail so that it could be repaired, one party of twelve, with drawn revolvers and loaded rifles, announced their intention of going through to the summit. They passed a guard of miners and set out for the summit. The committee was called together and a number of armed men were sent after them to head them off. If trouble is averted it will be by the greatest good luck. The men have lost all sense of reason and are desperate and reckless.

GETTING READY FOR THE OPENING.
San Francisco Call – Bulletin
September 6, 1897

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PICTURE

GETTING READY FOR THE OPENING.

      The above picture, which is from a sketch made by H. W. Nelson, represents a scene before the pioneer dance hall of Skaguay just previous to opening for business. The piano on the wagon was formerly used in Morosco’s Theater in this City, but four years ago it was taken to Juneau and placed in the opera-house there. When the Klondike craze set in and gave Skaguay a boom one of the first necessities of the new town was a dance hall. People couldn’t dance without music, and as all the fiddlers had thrown up their positions and gone to the mines, the piano in the Juneau Opera-house was purchased and shipped to the new town. The owner of the wagon in which the piano was transported from the beach was ordered out of town for taking $10 from the body of a man which he had recovered from the river. He accordingly disposed of his wagon and horses for the sum of $2250 and left. The present owner is now earning $240 a day with the outfit. The rope with a running noose at the end hanging from the limb of a tree is termed “The Policeman,” and is intended as a warning to the criminal element.

NOTES

1. Soapy was still in Skaguay as of this newspaper publication, having arrived August 20, 1897 with partners Jerry J. Daly and Jack Jolly, the latter being mentioned as "the murderer who has just been released from the Montana penitentiary." According to Daly, the three men worked 19 days of the 23 days they were in the new camp, netting about $30,000, which was split three ways. After 23 days the trio boarded the steamer Queen and sailed to Seattle, Washington, arriving there on September 22, 1897. 
2. The reporter/newspaper was in error in stating that Jefferson Randolph Smith's first name was "Jim."
3. It should be noted that it was reported in Washington state newspapers that Soapy was "forced to leave" Skaguay by the vigilantes and the deputy marshals. This was not true. Soapy made alliances with the saloon proprietors, Frank and John Clancy brothers, setting up the early stages of his new empire in Skaguay and besides not wanting to get stuck in another Alaska winter as he did in 1896 in Hope, Alaska, he decided to spend the winter in the states. Something else encouraged him homeward. His wife Mary had written him that she was ill. By the time he had reached Seattle she had written again, that she was much feeling better. Bat Masterson, a friend of Jerry Daly, one of Soapy's associates during the Skaguay trip, reported in the newspaper that Soapy was not forced to leave Skaguay via the vigilantes or any lawmen.    
   
4. The White Pass trail had just opened up in July 1897. It was over-grown with brush and trees. In the summer of 2022 I was in Skagway, Alaska. The Chilkoot trail out of Dyea is open and constantly maintained, unlike the White Pass trail, which appears today much as it did in 1897. There are only small sections out of Skagway that have been partially maintained enough to walk on. Other than that, it is pretty dense with foliage to attempt in summer time, let alone in the winter months. Because winter was coming in 1897, it was very dangerous to attempt to get to the Klondike from Skaguay. Many could perish. In fact, those that made it to Dawson (Klondike) in 1897 nearly starved to death that first winter, according to most histories. So much so that the North-West Mounted Police required each man to bring with him 2000 pounds of supplies in order to cross the border into Canada. Imagine if those 6,000 (according to article) had been allowed to continue on to the Klondike, how many might have starved to death, if they even made it to Dawson? Sort of lends credit to Soapy’s "defense" he often used in Alaska, that he was saving lives by sending the hayseeds back home, or in this case, turning them back towards Skaguay to spend the winter.
   
5. Turning the stampeders on the trail back towards Skagway was good for Soapy Smith, as well as for the proprietors of the saloons, gambling dens and the other merchants of Skaguay as it meant more customers and profits in the winter months which were expected to wane considerably. The growing criminal underworld and legitimate merchants surely appreciated Soapy's actions and showed their loyalty by looking the other way when it came to his nefarious activities.
6. The article's drawing, Getting Ready for the Opening, "represents a scene before the pioneer dance hall of Skaguay." Note that although 'pioneer dance hall' appears to be a name of the establishment it is not capitalized. As Clancy's Saloon and Music Hall was one of the first money backed establishments in Skaguay I believe the picture's description could be of the Clancy's place.

 

Clancy's Saloon and Music Hall
Courtesy of University of Washington Libraries

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Visit the Soapy Smith Soap Box blog

 

 

"When a sucker sees a corner turned up, or a little spot on a card in three-card monte, he does not know that it was done for the purpose of making him think he has the advantage. He thinks, of course, the player does not see it, and he is in such a hurry to get out his money that he often cuts or tears his clothes. After they have put up their money and turned the card, they see that the mark was put there for a purpose. Then they are mad, because they are beat at their own game. They begin to kick, and want their money back, but they would not have thought of such a thing had they won the money from a blind man, for they did think he must be nearly blind, or he could have seen the mark on the winning card. They expected to rob a blind man, and got left. I never had any sympathy for them, and I would fight before I would give them back one cent. It is a good lesson for a dishonest man to be caught by some trick, and I always did like to teach it."

—George Devol

New photograph of the steamer Utopia discovered.

THE UTOPIA
Circa November 17, 1898
Note the boarded up windows
Jeff Smith collection

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he Utopia


     Previous to 2011, no photographs of the steamship Utopia had been identified. Then the photograph below was introduced as being that vessel; however, it has no provenance. It does, though, resemble the newly discovered photograph of the Utopia (at the top of this post). Helpfully, the new image contains the ship's name, Utopia, between the wheel house (steering room) and the mast.
     The steamship Utopia was built in Seattle, Washington, in 1893 and is famous, in part, because of a master she had for several years: Captain “Dynamite Johnny” O'Brien. On November 17, 1898, the Utopia was enroute from Seattle to Skagway when she caught fire. This new photo may have been taken shortly after the fire, and because of some photographs acquired along with the one of the Utopia, she may be tied up in Juneau. It was owned by the Alaskan Steamship Company until 1903 when it was acquired by the Puget Sound Navigation Company.    

The Utopia

   
     The Utopia is also famous because of its link to Soapy Smith's journeys to Alaska and his friendship with Captain O'Brien. Before the Klondike Gold Rush, the Utopia in 1896 was operating the waterways to the goldfields near Homer, Hope, and Sunrise on Cook Inlet, Alaska. Previous to Skagway's founding, Soapy was looking for a new boom-town in Alaska.

     Other ships arriving at the location that would become Homer and having to wait for the late breakup of the Inlet ice were the steamers Utopia and Lakme, containing together, as Mrs. Banks tells us, “four hundred men headed for the Turnagain Arm district. They camped on the spit….” During this wait at some point, Mrs. Banks met Jeff. He “was a dark-haired, medium-sized, mild-mannered man,” she wrote of him forty-nine years later, “and I was quite surprised after my introduction to him to learn that he was the notorious Denver confidence man.”
     Soapy also wrote to his young brother Bascomb while apparently camped on the spit, as a couple of details from his letter match Mrs. Banks’ remembrance. This letter made the press:

Dear Bas. —Well I am 600 or 700 miles more on my way. Over 400 men are camped here on ice waiting for a thaw. You can write here but I may never get the letter. Have done no business yet. I expect to look for gold with the balance of the guys. Regards to all the people in the jail. I don’t suppose the governor has done anything for you. Take it easy; the world was not made in a day.
Your brother.
Jeff.

     Soapy seems to have reached the head of Cook Inlet the following day. A letter to a friend from there, apparently dated May 11, came to publication over a month later.

Col. Sapolio Smith Heard From.

A citizen of Greeley received a postal card Saturday from the notorious “Soapy Smith.” The card was written from “Cook’s Inlet, Six Mile Creek-Alaska,” and dated May 1 [11?]. An attaché of the Tribune made the following extract: “This place is 2,500 miles north of San Francisco, 1,500 miles from a railroad or telegraph office and 600 miles to the nearest post office. There are about 2,000 men in camp looking for placer claims and we think we have it. Only one woman in camp. I expect to be in Denver next fall in time to aid my brother redeemers. Your friend,” “Jeff Smith.”

Mrs. Banks met that “one woman” to whom Soapy referred. “She was red-headed, and attractive in a bold way. She and her husband were running a restaurant at Hope.”

—Alias Soapy Smith, p. 412

     The first available ship into the area, arriving ahead of the returning General Canby, was the steamship Utopia. It had dropped anchor at the head of Cook Inlet, disembarked its chartered cargo and hundred passengers bound for the Susitna River region, likely looped to the Sunrise-Hope beach sites to take on passengers, and returned south. Jeff boarded and paid passage to Seattle, but had he known what lay ahead, he might have waited for another ship. First, the Utopia was missing its master. He was Captain Dynamite Johnny A. O’Brien, an explosive Irishman from Cork who had gone to sea at 15, become a captain at 25, fought pirates, and who at the slightest infraction, battled insubordinates with his will and sometimes his fists. The nickname “Dynamite” seems to have grown out of his quickness to detonate when faced with dereliction of duty or disrespect for his station aboard ship. Once in Nagasaki “he had disposed of two larger opponents in less than thirty seconds.” They had not liked O’Brien’s tossing overboard their “two bottles of vile-looking liquor.”  

—Alias Soapy Smith, p. 413.

The ships name
sign hanging between wheel house and mast
Jeff Smith collection

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     What happened next varies in different versions, but the one told in Milton A. Dalby’s The Sea Saga of Dynamite Johnny O’Brien (1933) carries the clearest ring of veracity. To prepare for this biography, Dalby met regularly with O’Brien in his eightieth year in the months before his death in August 1931. Dalby also had access to the captain’s diary as well as other records. The biography is unsentimental and often realistically hard-hitting in its clear-cut accounts of brutal first mates, murderous cooks, loves, murders, numerous fights, and men perishing in storm-whipped seas. The following sequence is based primarily on Dalby’s biography of O’Brien.
     When the Utopia reached lower Cook Inlet, it encountered a heavy outflow of ice and so “came to anchorage in Seldovia Bay, with two other vessels, until the ice cleared….” It was here that O’Brien suddenly collapsed in terrific pain. Dalby recounts how since no doctor had been aboard, a hurried survey

of the anchored ships revealed a fortune-seeking miner who had once been a surgeon. He shook his head dolefully over O’Brien after a hasty examination.
     “About a thousand to one shot to pull through,” he told the Utopia’s hovering officers. O’Brien was partially conscious and heard the remark. “I’d operate if I had any tools but I haven’t any,” the ex-doctor went on.
     O’Brien painfully roused himself. “Doc, I heard you say I had a long chance to pull through. I’m a sport and God knows I don’t want to die in this damn place. Go ahead; all you need is a knife and a pair of scissors.”

These tools were “honed to razor sharpness and roughly sterilized.” Since the ship was “rolling somewhat,” men carried the captain ashore in the bitter cold to “a rough hut,” slipping “repeatedly on the icy ground.” Here he was “placed on three planks laid over two packing boxes” for the operation. O’Brien said he did not know what anesthetic was used but that “it was at least partially effective.” He said he was conscious at times during the operation “but felt no marked pain.”
     “O’Brien lay in a bunk in the hut for several days,” recuperating. In the meantime, ice had cleared sufficiently to allow ships up the Inlet, and the Utopia’s 100 restless miners wanted to join them. So somewhat behind the other vessels, the Utopia also made the 200-mile voyage to the head of Cook Inlet but without its ailing captain. He was left in a better accommodation than the hut, “the galley of some ill-fated ship,” as Mrs. Banks described it, but she and her husband had transformed it into their home.

     The Captain of the Utopia was ill, apparently from appendicitis. We had been moved hastily from the derelict galley … so as to give over our quarters to the sick man, they being the quietest and the cleanest spot.

When Soapy returned to Coal Bay at the Homer Spit on the Utopia, the captain was returned to his cabin to continue his recuperation.
     At some point, Soapy learned that “The vessel’s coal supply ran very low, the bunkers were scraped almost bare,” apparently a Seattle provisioning error. Coal was to be had, just not the $300 ($9,372 today) for a sufficient supply of it. So, from his bunk aboard ship, O’Brien ordered coal dug “from the bottom of the bay” where “a straggling coal formation was uncovered” when the tide was out. Over the next two days, ten tons were taken into the Utopia’s coal bunker. Bitter cold made the wet, back-breaking work even worse, and on the third day, the crew refused to dig any more. Such was the state of things when

     A knock came on O’Brien’s door and a bearded man entered. He smiled. “When do you sail, skipper?” he asked.
     “No coal, mister, and no money to buy any with, dammit….”
     Out came a bulky wad of crumpled bills. “How much do you need?” O’Brien told him, and three hundred dollars were quickly peeled off.
     Coal was purchased, and during the three days … before the Utopia was ready to sail the bearded stranger spent much time in O’Brien’s cabin. His name? “Just Smith, skipper!” He … tended O’Brien as carefully as a nurse might. He kept the cabin clean and brought O’Brien such food delicacies as could be found. If O’Brien wondered a little about the two heavy-framed revolvers which nestled under either armpit he said nothing, for they were none of his business.
     The Utopia sailed and O’Brien slipped into uneasy sleep with the welcome pounding of her engines in his ears. But when he awoke—it was some eight hours later, the cabin clock disclosed—all was quiet and the ship seemed anchored. He called feebly but none heard him, and Smith was not about. He gripped a stout water glass and hurled it through a cabin window and out onto the deck. The mate came running in response to the crash.
     O’Brien demanded the cause of the ship’s halting and was told that the purchased coal was of wretched quality, and that the engineers refused to burn any more of it. “So we’ve decided to anchor here under the lee of Cape Elizabeth and wait for a supply of good coal,” the mate explained. “The crew agrees with the engineers,” he added.
     O’Brien exploded…, and then had to grip his side in mad pain. “Why in the devil wasn’t I told about this? Who do you think is master of this ship?”
     “We didn’t think you were in any condition to handle the ship, captain.”
     “Call Smith, the bearded passenger, at once,” O’Brien demanded.
     “Dynamite Johnny explained to Smith the situation and asked if he might borrow his guns—the damn crew was mutinous and needed a little convincing that the “old man” knew what was best for ’em!
     An unusual fifteen minutes followed on deck. O’Brien was aided to a deck chair by Smith and, with a revolver in each hand, called the crew to file by him and swear that they would help get the ship into Juneau where an ample supply of good coal would be obtained. He stormed at the engineers particularly and shook the weapons at them threateningly.
     “If that coal was good enough to steam on for six or seven hours it’s good enough to get into Juneau with,” he shouted. “By the Rock of Cashel I want steam up in this old tub and I want it in a hurry! Understand me?”
     And apparently he was understood for the Utopia crossed the Gulf of Alaska without trouble and refueled in Juneau. When the vessel reached Seattle it was a pale O’Brien who went ashore on the arm of his friend Smith. He had weighed nearly 160 pounds when the Utopia had sailed…; he was reduced to 120 when he came ashore. He spent the next month in a hospital.

On June 2, 1896, after an absence of two months, the steamer Utopia docked in Seattle. Soapy may have spent a longer time in the frozen hell than he had wished for but he had made a very valuable friend, one who never denied Soapy and the Soap Gang passage aboard the two ships captained by O'Brien in Alaskan waters.

Dalby reported from O’Brien that members of the Soap Gang

frequently traveled on O’Brien’s ships although their identity was not always known. O’Brien found Smith kind-hearted and generous; indeed such was his reputation in Skagway outside of purely business hours! He returned … [to Skagway] with O’Brien on the Utopia [in 1897] and, at O’Brien’s urgent plea, kept a tight grip on his gang of cut-throats and gamblers during the trip north.

     The Utopia had first class and steerage with accommodation for 80 passengers and baggage. In August 1897 she was taken off the Puget Sound run and scheduled to depart Seattle for the new towns of Skaguay and Dyea which sprouted at the start of the discovery of gold in the Klondike, on August 11th with 100 passengers, but when the Utopia finally sailed on August 14th, she had 250 passengers plus 50 horses and freight, including a “J. R. Smith” among its passengers. The ship was scheduled to leave on Friday, August 13, but superstitious passengers and a flexible Captain O’Brien opted to wait a day. When reporters asked about the delayed departure, they were told that it was taking longer than anticipated to load cargo.

     For the rest of 1897 the Utopia returned to short runs on Puget Sound, and John O'Brien continued as master of the Rosalie on the Seattle-Skaguay run into 1898, the same Rosalie on which the widow of Soapy, Mary Eva, went to and from Skagway after he was killed (Alias Soapy Smith, pp 584-86).

Soapy arrives in Skagway on the Utopia: May 13, 2017
The other photo of the Utopia: August 13, 2011 

The Utopia: pages 412-17, 435, 447.

"The most infamous of his unique schemes was the prize package soap sell in which he put large-denomination bills inside the wrappers of some cakes of soap and auctioned off the packages for $1 each, then for more as the number of cakes diminished. Only Jeff’s men, who seeded every crowd, ever won the larger bills. From this swindle came the sobriquet “Soapy” by which he came to be known throughout the American West."

—Alias Soapy Smith, page 15

JULY 19

1848: A women's rights convention takes place in Seneca Fall, New York.

1867: Construction begins on Fort Fetterman near the North Platte River, Dakota Territory.

1878: Outlaw John Selman arrives in the Pecos Valley, New Mexico Territory. His cattle rustling gang is known as the “Selman Scouts.”

1878: Outlaws Sam Bass, James Murphy, Seaborn Barnes, and Frank Jackson shoot it out with Texas Rangers in Round Rock, Texas. Deputy Sheriff A. W. Grimes and wounded Deputy Sheriff Maurice Moore are shot dead. Outlaws Barnes and Bass are shot dead, Bass not passing away for another two days. Bad man Soapy Smith and Cousin Ed witness Dick Ware shoot Bass.

1878: The five-day battle in Lincoln, New Mexico Territory ends. Outlaw Billy the Kid and others were able to escape.

1879: Famed gambler and bad man Doc Holliday shoots and kills Mike Gordon outside a saloon in Las Vegas, New Mexico Territory.

1881: Indian Chief Sitting Bull and 187 Sioux Indians surrender to Fort Buford, Dakota Territory, after four years of exile in Canada.

1881: Pat Garrett arrives in Santa Fe, New Mexico Territory and announces that he is going to resign as sheriff of Lincoln County.

1881: Three citizens are killed in an Indian raid of Arena Blanca, New Mexico Territory.

1890: “Crazy Bill” Lynn, a Spokane, Washington thug, shoots and wounds two boxers at the Spokesman City Room. Ed Hutchinson, Sporting Editor of a Spokesman newspaper promotes a boxing match between Patsy Muligan and Jimmy Casey, but there is a weight dispute and the fight is about to be called off when 'Crazy Bill' Lynn decides he should take Mulligan’s place in the ring, and strikes Mulligan in the face. Mulligan pulls out a revolver, but editor Hutchinson grabs the gun before it can be fired. Lynn calls Mulligan an undesirable name and Mulligan strikes Lynn. Lynn pulls a revolver, but is subdued and escorted from the building. Later, Lynn returns with gun in hand. A man named Smith attempts to stop Lynn and is shot twice, in the hand and kneecap. Mulligan attempts to flee, but Lynn fires wounding Mulligan with a bullet to his body.

1893: Bad man Soapy Smith pays $25 so that 125 unemployed workers could attend a meeting in their behalf at the Coliseum Hall in Denver, Colorado. After paying, he hollered out, “walk in boys, the hall’s yours and nothing to pay.”

1909: The first unassisted triple play in major-league baseball was made by Cleveland Indians shortstop Neal Ball in a game against Boston.

Soapy Smith in Hope, Alaska 1896.

"Party of Gold Miners"
Hope, Alaska 1895

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ou may recall reading here or in my book that Soapy Smith visited Sunrise and Hope, Alaska in 1896. You might remember I posted here that it had been confirmed that he performed the prize package soap sell racket there, or the letter (artifact #11) he wrote to his wife while on board a steamer headed to the gold fields on Resurrection Creek.

Hope, Alaska
from aboard a ship
circa 1895-96

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      I found three "new" photographs (on eBay) of Hope, Alaska, circa 1895-96 that I want to share with you. One thing that struck me hard is the fact that Soapy successfully performed and won cash and gold from the miners and in this very rough country. It certainly removes any belief that the prize package soap sell racket is a "big town swindle only." It seems obvious to me that one would have to be an amazing master of human nature to convince anyone in this completely primitive and lawless setting, to gamble on buying cash laden cakes of soap in the middle of no-where. Not only did he con the locals, but he freely sailed away without being chased by those who realized they had been taken. One slip-up and Soapy could have found himself swinging from the nearest tree branch.

Hope(ful) miners
Hope, Alaska 1895

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Sunrise and Hope, Alaska
June 9, 2010
December 13, 2010 

Sunrise and Hope, Alaska: pages 411-13.

"Every crowd has a silver lining."

—P. T. Barnum